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Compare Western Sahara (2001) - Swaziland (2002)
Compare Western Sahara (2001) z Swaziland (2002)
| Western Sahara (2001) | Swaziland (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (under de facto control of Morocco) | 4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% |
0-14 years: 45.5% (male 254,573; female 256,677)
15-64 years: 51.9% (male 281,645; female 301,071) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 12,027; female 17,612) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads) | sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep |
| Airports | 11 (2000 est.) | 18 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
total: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 10 (2002) |
| Area | total:
266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 17,363 sq km
land: 17,203 sq km water: 160 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about the size of Colorado | slightly smaller than New Jersey |
| Background | Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 cease-fire; a referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed and is not expected to occur until at least 2002. | Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy. |
| Birth rate | - | 39.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
revenues: $448 million
expenditures: $506.9 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (FY01/02 ) |
| Capital | none | Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital |
| Climate | hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew | varies from tropical to near temperate |
| Coastline | 1,110 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | - | none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara |
conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland
conventional short form: Swaziland |
| Currency | Moroccan dirham (MAD) | lilangeni (SZL) |
| Death rate | - | 23.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $336 million (2001 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none | chief of mission: Ambassador James D. McGEE
embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445 FAX: [268] 404-5959 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none | chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA
chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683 FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059 |
| Disputes - international | claimed and administered by Morocco, but sovereignty is unresolved and the UN is attempting to hold a referendum on the issue; the UN-administered cease-fire has been in effect since September 1991 | Swaziland continues to press South Africa into ceding ethnic Swazi lands in Kangwane region of KwaZulu-Natal province that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $104 million (2001) |
| Economy - overview | Western Sahara, a territory poor in natural resources and lacking sufficient rainfall, depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. Most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Incomes and standards of living are substantially below the Moroccan level. | In this small landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. Manufacturing features a number of agroprocessing factories. Mining has declined in importance in recent years: diamond mines have shut down because of the depletion of easily accessible reserves; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978; and health concerns have cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of soft drink concentrate, sugar, and wood pulp are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Remittances from the Southern African Customs Union and Swazi workers in South African mines substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. Prospects for 2002 are strengthened by the country's status as a beneficiary of the US African Growth and Opportunity Act initiative. |
| Electricity - consumption | 83.7 million kWh (1999) | 900.66 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 564 million kWh
note: supplied by South Africa (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 90 million kWh (1999) | 362 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 56%
hydro: 44% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m |
lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m
highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m |
| Environment - current issues | sparse water and lack of arable land | limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Arab, Berber | African 97%, European 3% |
| Exchange rates | Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 10.590 (January 2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997), 8.716 (1996) | emalangeni per US dollar - 11.5808 (January 2002), 8.4933 (2001), 6.9056 (2000), 6.1087 (1999), 5.4807 (1998), 4.6032 (1997); note - the Swazi lilangeni is at par with the South African rand; emalangeni is the plural form of lilangeni |
| Executive branch | none | chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986)
head of government: Prime Minister Sibusiso Barnabas DLAMINI (since 9 August 1996) cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | $NA | $702 million f.o.b. (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | phosphates 62% | soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit |
| Exports - partners | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts | South Africa 72%, EU 12%, UK 6%, Mozambique 4%, US 4% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | - | three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: 40%-45% (1996 est.) |
agriculture: 10%
industry: 43% services: 47% (1999 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $NA | purchasing power parity - $4,200 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 2.5% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 24 30 N, 13 00 W | 26 30 S, 31 30 E |
| Geography - note | - | landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa |
| Heliports | 1 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | total:
6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est.) |
total: 3,800 km
paved: 1,064 km unpaved: 2,736 km (2002) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $NA | $850 million f.o.b. (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs | motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts | South Africa 89%, EU 5%, Japan 2%, Singapore 2% (2000) |
| Independence | - | 6 September 1968 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 3.7% (FY95/96) |
| Industries | phosphate mining, handicrafts | mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel |
| Infant mortality rate | - | 109.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 7.5% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | none | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | 6 (2001) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 690 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | - | High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch |
| Labor force | 12,000 | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50% | NA |
| Land boundaries | total:
2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km |
total: 535 km
border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 19% forests and woodland: 0% other: 81% |
arable land: 9.77%
permanent crops: 0.7% other: 89.53% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic | English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official) |
| Legal system | - | based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | - | bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms)
elections: House of Assembly - last held 16 and 24 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: 37 years
male: 36.35 years female: 37.66 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 78.3% male: 78% female: 78.4% (1999 est.) |
| Location | Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco | Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa |
| Map references | Africa | Africa |
| Maritime claims | contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue | none (landlocked) |
| Military branches | NA | Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | $20 million (FY01/02) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | 4.75% (FY00/01) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 253,510 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 146,805 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | - | Independence Day, 6 September (1968) |
| Nationality | noun:
Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian |
noun: Swazi(s)
adjective: Swazi |
| Natural hazards | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility | drought |
| Natural resources | phosphates, iron ore | asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc |
| Net migration rate | - | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | political parties are banned by the constitution - the following are considered political associations - Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Libertatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | NA |
| Population | 250,559 (July 2001 est.) | 1,123,605
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | - | 1.63% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun) | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2001) |
| Radios | 56,000 (1997) | 170,000 (1999) |
| Railways | 0 km | total: 297 km
narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 71 km which are not in use (2001) |
| Religions | Muslim | Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30% |
| Sex ratio | - | at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign has yet to be completed | 18 years of age |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco |
general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system
domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | about 2,000 (1999 est.) | 38,500 (2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1999) | 45,000 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 5 plus 7 relay stations (2001) |
| Terrain | mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast | mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains |
| Total fertility rate | - | 5.77 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 34% (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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